For other uses of the term FSH see FSH (disambiguation).
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follicle stimulating hormone beta polypeptide
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Identifiers
Symbol
FSHB
Entrez
2488
HUGO
3964
OMIM
136530
RefSeq
NM000510
UniProt
P01225
Other data
Locus
Chr. 11 p13
glycoprotein hormones alpha polypeptide
Identifiers
Symbol
CGA
Entrez
1081
HUGO
1885
OMIM
118850
RefSeq
NM000735
UniProt
P01215
Other data
Locus
Chr. 6 q14-q21
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone found in humans and other animals. It is synthesized and secreted by gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. FSH regulates the development growth pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and Luteinizing hormone (LH) act synergistically in reproduction. Contents 1 Structure 2 Genes 3 Activity 3.1 Effects in females 3.2 Effects in males 4 Measurement 5 Disease states 5.1 High FSH levels 5.2 Low FSH levels 6 Availability 7 Reference
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone found in humans and other animals. It is synthesized and secreted by gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. FSH regulates the development growth pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and Luteinizing hormone (LH) act synergistically in reproduction. Contents 1 Structure 2 Genes 3 Activity 3.1 Effects in females 3.2 Effects in males 4 Measurement 5 Disease states 5.1 High FSH levels 5.2 Low FSH levels 6 Availability 7 Reference
Wadsworth Center s Featured Image Archives Click on image for high resolution view This ribbon diagram of the three dimensional structure of fully active human follicle stimulating hormone hFSH
http://www.wadsworth.org/databank/june-01.html
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
A follicle-stimulating hormone test measures the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a blood sample.
A follicle-stimulating hormone test measures the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a blood sample.
s
8 External links
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Structure
FSH is a glycoprotein. Each monomeric unit is a protein molecule with a sugar attached to it; two of these make the full functional protein. Its structure is similar to those of LH TSH and hCG. The protein dimer contains 2 polypeptide units labeled alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunits of LH FSH TSH and hCG are identical and contain 92 amino acids. The beta subunits vary. FSH has a beta subunit of 118 amino acids (FSHB) which confers its specific biologic action and is responsible for interaction with the FSH-receptor. The sugar part of the hormone is composed of fucose galactose mannose galactosamine glucosamine and sialic acid the latter being critical for its biologic half-life. The half-life of FSH is 3-4 hours. Its molecular wt is 30000. Genes
The gene for the alpha subunit is located on chromosome 6p21.1-23. It is expressed in different cell types. The gene for the FSH beta subunit is located on chromosome 11p13 and is expressed in gonadotropes of the pituitary cells controlled by GnRH inhibited by inhibin and enhanced by activin. Activity
FSH regulates the development growth pubertal maturation and reproductive proc
FSH is a glycoprotein. Each monomeric unit is a protein molecule with a sugar attached to it; two of these make the full functional protein. Its structure is similar to those of LH TSH and hCG. The protein dimer contains 2 polypeptide units labeled alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunits of LH FSH TSH and hCG are identical and contain 92 amino acids. The beta subunits vary. FSH has a beta subunit of 118 amino acids (FSHB) which confers its specific biologic action and is responsible for interaction with the FSH-receptor. The sugar part of the hormone is composed of fucose galactose mannose galactosamine glucosamine and sialic acid the latter being critical for its biologic half-life. The half-life of FSH is 3-4 hours. Its molecular wt is 30000. Genes
The gene for the alpha subunit is located on chromosome 6p21.1-23. It is expressed in different cell types. The gene for the FSH beta subunit is located on chromosome 11p13 and is expressed in gonadotropes of the pituitary cells controlled by GnRH inhibited by inhibin and enhanced by activin. Activity
FSH regulates the development growth pubertal maturation and reproductive proc
to make the sex hormones Basically as long as she has her ovaries a woman s body makes a small amount sex hormones all of her life This is shown in the following illustration When a girl reaches puberty the hypothalamus sends a message to the pituitary gland to make Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH and Leutinizing Hormone LH at the appropriate times during
http://www.the-hormonal-nightmare.com/bioidentical-hormones/the_sex_hormones_in_a_womans_body
follicle stimulating hormone: Definition from Answers.com
follicle stimulating hormone n. ( Abbr. FSH ) A gonadotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of follicles in the
follicle stimulating hormone n. ( Abbr. FSH ) A gonadotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of follicles in the
esses of the human body.
In both males and females FSH stimulates the maturation of germ cells.
In males FSH induces Sertoli cells to secrete inhibin and stimulates the formation of sertoli-sertoli tight junctions (zonula occludens).
In females FSH initiates follicular growth specifically affecting granulosa cells. With the concomitant rise in inhibin B FSH levels then decline in the late follicular phase. This seems to be critical in selecting only the most advanced follicle to proceed to ovulation. At the end of the luteal phase there is a slight rise in FSH that seems to be of importance to start the next ovulatory cycle.
Like its partner LH FSH release at the pituitary gland is controlled by pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Those pulses in turn are subject to the oestrogen feed-back from the gonads. Effects in females
FSH stimulates the growth and recruitment of immature Ovarian follicles in the ovary. In early (small) antral follicles FSH is the major survival factor that rescues the follicles from apoptosis (programmed death of the somatic cells of the follicle and oocyte). In the luteal-follicle phase transition period the serum levels of proge
Like its partner LH FSH release at the pituitary gland is controlled by pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Those pulses in turn are subject to the oestrogen feed-back from the gonads. Effects in females
FSH stimulates the growth and recruitment of immature Ovarian follicles in the ovary. In early (small) antral follicles FSH is the major survival factor that rescues the follicles from apoptosis (programmed death of the somatic cells of the follicle and oocyte). In the luteal-follicle phase transition period the serum levels of proge
7 8 9 10
http://www.wadsworth.org/docs/photo_gallery.shtml
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Abnormalities: eMedicine ...
Overview: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing ...
Overview: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing ...
sterone and estrogen (primarily estradiol) decrease and no longer suppress the release of FSH consequently FSH peaks at about day three (day one is the first day of menstrual flow). The cohort of small antral follicles is normally sufficiently in number to produce enough Inhibin B to lower FSH serum levels.
In addition there is evidence that gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor produced by small follicles during the first half of the follicle phase also exerts a negative feedback on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion amplitude thus allowing a more favorable environment for follicle growth and preventing premature luteinization.1
(As a woman nears perimenopause the number of small antral follicles recruited in each cycle diminishes and consequently insufficient Inhibin B is produced to fully lower FSH and the serum level of FSH begins to rise.)
When the follicle matures and reaches 8-10 mm in diameter it starts to secrete significant amounts of estradiol. Normally in humans only one follicle becomes dominant and survives to grow to 18-30 mm in size and ovulate the remaining follicles in the cohort undergo atresia. The sharp increase in estradiol product
In addition there is evidence that gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor produced by small follicles during the first half of the follicle phase also exerts a negative feedback on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion amplitude thus allowing a more favorable environment for follicle growth and preventing premature luteinization.1
(As a woman nears perimenopause the number of small antral follicles recruited in each cycle diminishes and consequently insufficient Inhibin B is produced to fully lower FSH and the serum level of FSH begins to rise.)
When the follicle matures and reaches 8-10 mm in diameter it starts to secrete significant amounts of estradiol. Normally in humans only one follicle becomes dominant and survives to grow to 18-30 mm in size and ovulate the remaining follicles in the cohort undergo atresia. The sharp increase in estradiol product
Table 2
http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/8935/8935.html
Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormones
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are called ... As describef for thyroid-simulating hormone, LH and FSH are large glycoproteins ...
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are called ... As describef for thyroid-simulating hormone, LH and FSH are large glycoproteins ...
ion by the dominant follicle (possibly along with a decrease in gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor) cause a positive effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary and rapid GnRH pulses occur and an LH surge results.
The increase in serum estradiol levels cause a decrease in FSH production by inhibiting GnRH production in the hypothalamus.2 The decrease in serum FSH level causes the smaller follicles in the current cohort to undergo atresia as they lack sufficient sensitivity to FSH to survive. Occasionally two follicles reach the 10 mm stage at the same time by chance and as both are equally sensitive to FSH both survive and grow in the low FSH environment and thus two ovulations can occur in one cycle possibly leading to non identical (dizygotic) twins. Effects in males
FSH stimulates maturation of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis.
FSH enhances the production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes by binding to FSH receptors on their basolateral membranes3 and is critical for the initiation of spermatogenesis. Measurement FSH levels (red line) during the menstrual cycle
Follicle stimulating hormone is typically measured
The increase in serum estradiol levels cause a decrease in FSH production by inhibiting GnRH production in the hypothalamus.2 The decrease in serum FSH level causes the smaller follicles in the current cohort to undergo atresia as they lack sufficient sensitivity to FSH to survive. Occasionally two follicles reach the 10 mm stage at the same time by chance and as both are equally sensitive to FSH both survive and grow in the low FSH environment and thus two ovulations can occur in one cycle possibly leading to non identical (dizygotic) twins. Effects in males
FSH stimulates maturation of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis.
FSH enhances the production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes by binding to FSH receptors on their basolateral membranes3 and is critical for the initiation of spermatogenesis. Measurement FSH levels (red line) during the menstrual cycle
Follicle stimulating hormone is typically measured
Table 1
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CIGNA - Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
A follicle-stimulating hormone test measures the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a blood sample. FSH is produced by the pituitary gland. ...
A follicle-stimulating hormone test measures the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in a blood sample. FSH is produced by the pituitary gland. ...
on day three of a woman's cycle when the levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone are at the lowest point of the menstrual cycle.
Disease states
FSH levels are normally low during childhood and in females high after menopause. High FSH levels Reference ranges for luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the menstrual cycle expressed in international units. The scale is logarithmic.
The most common reason for high serum FSH concentration is in a female who is undergoing or has recently undergone menopause. High levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone indicate that the normal restricting feedback from the gonad is absent leading to an unrestricted pituitary FSH production.
If high FSH levels occur during the reproductive years it is abnormal. Premature menopause also known as Premature Ovarian Failure Poor ovarian reserve also known as Premature Ovarian Aging Gonadal dysgenesis Turner syndrome Castration Swyer syndrome Certain forms of CAH Testicular failure.
Most of these conditions are associated with subfertility and/or infertility. Therefore high FSH levels are an indication of subfertility and/or infertility. Low FSH levels
Dimin
FSH levels are normally low during childhood and in females high after menopause. High FSH levels Reference ranges for luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the menstrual cycle expressed in international units. The scale is logarithmic.
The most common reason for high serum FSH concentration is in a female who is undergoing or has recently undergone menopause. High levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone indicate that the normal restricting feedback from the gonad is absent leading to an unrestricted pituitary FSH production.
If high FSH levels occur during the reproductive years it is abnormal. Premature menopause also known as Premature Ovarian Failure Poor ovarian reserve also known as Premature Ovarian Aging Gonadal dysgenesis Turner syndrome Castration Swyer syndrome Certain forms of CAH Testicular failure.
Most of these conditions are associated with subfertility and/or infertility. Therefore high FSH levels are an indication of subfertility and/or infertility. Low FSH levels
Dimin
Table 3 Statistical analysis Numerous covariates from the baseline interview were examined as potential confounders including demographics reproductive history body mass
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone | LIVESTRONG.COM
Lifestyle, fitness & health information about Follicle Stimulating Hormone. Foods for Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Foods for Production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, ...
Lifestyle, fitness & health information about Follicle Stimulating Hormone. Foods for Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Foods for Production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone, ...
ished secretion of FSH can result in failure of gonadal function (hypogonadism). This condition is typically manifested in males as failure in production of normal numbers of sperm. In females cessation of reproductive cycles is commonly observed. Conditions with very low FSH secretions are:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome + Obesity + Hirsutism + Infertility
Kallmann syndrome
Hypothalamic suppression
Hypopituitarism
Hyperprolactinemia
Gonadotropin deficiency
Gonadal suppression therapy
GnRH antagonist
GnRH agonist (downregulation).
Availability
FSH is available mixed with LH activity in various menotropins including more purified forms of urinary gonadotropins such as Menopur as well as without LH activity as recombinant FSH (Gonal F Follistim Follitropin alpha). It is used commonly in infertility therapy to stimulate follicular development notably in IVF therapy as well as with interuterine insemination (IUI). (See Gonadotropin Preparations.) References Fowler PA Sorsa-Leslie T Harris W Mason HD 2003. Ovarian gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF): where are we after 20 years of research Reproduction 126 689699. DiPiro et al. Pharmaco
FSH is available mixed with LH activity in various menotropins including more purified forms of urinary gonadotropins such as Menopur as well as without LH activity as recombinant FSH (Gonal F Follistim Follitropin alpha). It is used commonly in infertility therapy to stimulate follicular development notably in IVF therapy as well as with interuterine insemination (IUI). (See Gonadotropin Preparations.) References Fowler PA Sorsa-Leslie T Harris W Mason HD 2003. Ovarian gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF): where are we after 20 years of research Reproduction 126 689699. DiPiro et al. Pharmaco
Table 2
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FSHB - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The pituitary glycoprotein hormone family includes follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. ...
The pituitary glycoprotein hormone family includes follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, chorionic gonadotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. ...
therapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach 2007. Chapter 82 page 1313.
Page 1125 in: Walter F. PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
External links
Day 3 FSH levels From the Infertility Blog by Dr. Fred Licciardi
High FSH: an excuse to send patients away From the Infertility Blog by Dr. Fred Licciardi
FSH and Estradiol
Causes & Symptoms of High FSH
Information on high FSH compiled by a woman with high FSH
v d e
Endocrine system: hormones (Peptide hormones Steroid hormones)
Endocrine
glands
Hypothalamic-
pituitary
Hypothalamus
GnRH TRH Dopamine CRH GHRH/Somatostatin Melanin concentrating hormone
Posterior pituitary
Vasopressin Oxytocin
Anterior pituitary
(FSH FSHB LH LHB TSH TSHB CGA) Prolactin POMC (CLIP ACTH MSH Endorphins Lipotropin) GH
Adrenal axis
Adrenal cortex: aldosterone cortisol DHEA
Adrenal medulla: epinephrine norepinephrine
Thyroid axis
Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) calcitonin
Figure 1 Mean daily levels of urinary FSH ng mg creatinine by smoking status during the luteal follicular phase transition Day 1 is the first bleed day of a cycle or the last
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follicle stimulating hormone Information - Drugs and ...
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a naturally occurring hormone. ... Follicle stimulating hormone is used to stimulate a follicle (egg) to develop and mature. ...
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a naturally occurring hormone. ... Follicle stimulating hormone is used to stimulate a follicle (egg) to develop and mature. ...
Parathyroid: PTH
Gonadal axis
Testis: testosterone AMH inhibin
Ovary: estradiol progesterone activin and inhibin relaxin (pregnancy) Placenta: hCG HPL estrogen progesterone Other end. glands
Pancreas: glucagon insulin somatostatin
Pineal gland: melatonin Thymus: Thymosin Thymopoietin Thymulin Non-end. glands
digestive system: Stomach: gastrin ghrelin Duodenum: CCK GIP secretin motilin VIP Ileum: enteroglucagon Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 IGF-2)
Adipose tissue: leptin adiponectin resistin
Skeleton: Osteocalcin
Kidney: JGA (renin) peritubular cells (EPO) calcitriol prostaglandin Heart: Natriuretic peptide (ANP BNP)
M: END
anat/phys/devp/horm/cell
noco(d)/cong/tumr sysi/epon
proc drug (A10/H1/H3/H5) v d e Assisted reproductive technology Fertility medication GnRH agonists Estrogen antagonists (Clomifene Aromatase inhibitor)&
Testis: testosterone AMH inhibin
Ovary: estradiol progesterone activin and inhibin relaxin (pregnancy) Placenta: hCG HPL estrogen progesterone Other end. glands
Pancreas: glucagon insulin somatostatin
Pineal gland: melatonin Thymus: Thymosin Thymopoietin Thymulin Non-end. glands
digestive system: Stomach: gastrin ghrelin Duodenum: CCK GIP secretin motilin VIP Ileum: enteroglucagon Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 IGF-2)
Adipose tissue: leptin adiponectin resistin
Skeleton: Osteocalcin
Kidney: JGA (renin) peritubular cells (EPO) calcitriol prostaglandin Heart: Natriuretic peptide (ANP BNP)
M: END
anat/phys/devp/horm/cell
noco(d)/cong/tumr sysi/epon
proc drug (A10/H1/H3/H5) v d e Assisted reproductive technology Fertility medication GnRH agonists Estrogen antagonists (Clomifene Aromatase inhibitor)&
Table 1
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FSH: The Test
Describes when the FSH test is ordered, how the FSH test is used, and what the results of an FSH test might mean ... Formal name: Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum ...
Describes when the FSH test is ordered, how the FSH test is used, and what the results of an FSH test might mean ... Formal name: Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum ...
#160; Gonadotropins (Menotropins) hCG FSH
In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
and expansions
Ovarian hyperstimulation Transvaginal ovum retrieval Embryo transfer Assisted zona hatching Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Autologous endometrial coculture zygote intrafallopian transfer Cytoplasmic transfer Egg donation gestational carrier Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Other methods
Gamete intrafallopian transfer Sex selection Artificial insemination (Artificial insemination by donor/Sperm donation) Surrogacy Reproductive surgery (reverse vasectomy) Semen collection Cryopreservation (of oocytes of semen)
In fiction
See subsections in e.g. surrogacy and sperm donation reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
Other
Religious response to ART Infertility Three-parent babies
M: FRS
anat/phys/devp
noco/cong/npls sysi/epon
proc/asst drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)
M: OBS
phys/devp
mthr/fetu/infc epon
proc drug(2A/G2C)
M: FRS
anat/phys/devp
noco/cong/npls sysi/epon
proc/asst drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)
M: OBS
phys/devp
mthr/fetu/infc epon
proc drug(2A/G2C)
Figure 2 Mean daily levels of urinary E1C ng mg creatinine A and PdG g mg creatinine B by smoking status in one representative cycle per participant Cycles are centered
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