Allotransplantation (allo- from the Greek meaning "other") is the transplantation of cells tissues or organs sourced from a genetically non-identical member of the same species as the recipient.1 The transplant is called an allograft or allogeneic transplant or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts.
In contrast a transplant from another species is called a xenograft. A transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically identical donor i.e. an identical twin is termed an isograft. Finally when a tissue is transplanted from one site to another on the same patient it is termed an autograft. In bone marrow transplantation the term for a genetically identical graft is syngeneic2 whereas the equivalent of an autograft is termed aut

ologous3 transplantation.
When a host mounts an immune response against an allograft or xenograft the process is termed rejection. An allogenic bone marrow transplant can result in an immune attack against recipient termed Graft-versus-host disease. Contents 1 Procedure 2 Examples of organs and tissues 3 Laws & Regulations 4 Other options 5 See also 6 External links 7 References // Procedure
For any number of reasons before death a person may have decided to donate tissue from his or her body for the purpose of transplant to another who is in need. Additionally consent for donation may also be given by the donor's family if the donor did not specify his or her wishes before death.
After consent is obtained potential donors are thorou

ghly screened for risk factors and medical conditions that would rule out donation. This screening includes interviews with family members evaluation of medical and hospital records and a physical assessment of the donor. Recovery of the tissue is performed with respect for the donor using surgical techniques.
Personnel from tissue recovery agencies remove the tissue from the donor. These agencies are under the regulation of the Food and Drug Administration and must abide by the Current Good Tissue Practices rule. Once the tissue is removed it is sent to tissue banks for processing and distribution. Each year AATB-accredited tissue banks distribute 1.5 million bone and tissue allografts. These banks are also regulated by the Food and Drug Administration to ens

ure the quality of the tissue being distributed. Examples of organs and tissues
A variety of transplantable organs and tissues can be used for allografts. These include: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair Joint reconstruction in the knee and ankle Meniscal replacement Reconstruction due to cancer or trauma Ridge augmentation in dental procedures Shoulder repair Spinal fusion Urological procedures skin transplants corneal transplants heart transplants heart valves lung transplantation liver transplants kidney transplants bone marrow transplants bone allograft ligament or tendon allograft
Bone and tissue allografts have many uses for patients but overall they save lives repair limbs and enhance the quality of a patients life. Allografts may be used

to replace damaged heart valves and skin; however they are more frequently used in orthopedic surgery to replace tendons or bones as necessary. Laws & Regulations The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page.
Since 1993 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulated human tissue intended for transplants. As of May 2005 there are three new regulations that address the manufacturing activities associated with human cells tissues and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/Ps). The first regulation requires companies to register with the FDA if they intend to produce and distribute HCT/Ps.

The second regulation called the Donor Eligibility rule concerns the donors ability to meet certain criteria in order to be eligible to donate tissue. Finally the third rule referred to as the Current Good Tissue Practices rule oversees the overall processing and distribution practices of each company. As a whole these rules are implemented to ensure the quality of the tissue and reduce the risk of contamination or disease transmission. Other options
Allografts are a natural alternative to synthetic and metal implants. However unlike synthetic or metal implants allografts incorporate into your body.
Another choice surgeons have is an autograft which takes tissue from one part of your body for transplantation to another part. Using an allograft eliminate

s the need for a second surgery site avoiding additional pain risk and possible longer hospital stay.
Further options may include a transplant from another species (a xenograft) or a transplanted organ or tissue from a genetically identical donor i.e. an identical twin (an isograft). See also Allograft diseases Medical grafting External links http://www.aatb.org/files/safetyoftissuetransplants.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/tissueTransplantsFAQ.html#top http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/TissueTissueProducts/default.htm References Surgery For ACL Tears Hood AF Vogelsang GB Black LP Farmer ER Santos GW (June 1987). "Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease: Development Following Autologous and Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation". Arch Dermatol 123

(6): 745750. doi:10.1001/archderm.1987.01660300067014. PMID 3555353. http://archderm.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/123/6/745.  Zittoun RA Mandelli F Willemze R de Witte T Labar B Resegotti L Leoni F Damasio E Visani GPapa G Caronia F Hayat M Stryckmans P Rotoli B Leoni P Peetermans ME Dardenne M Vegna ML Petti MC Solbu G Suciu S (January 1995). "Autologous or Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Compared with Intensive Chemotherapy in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia". NEJM 332 (4): 217223. doi:10.1056/NEJM199501263320403. PMID 7808487. http://nejm.highwire.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/4/217.  v  d  e Organ transplantation Types Autotransplantation  Allotransplantation  Xenotransplantation O

rgans and tissues Bone  Bone marrow  Corneal  Face  Hand  Head  Heart  Heart-lung  Kidney  Liver  Lung  Pancreas  Penis  Skin  Spleen  Uterus Related topics Biomedical tissue  Edmonton protocol  Eye bank  Graft-versus-host disease  Immunosuppressive drugs  Islet cell transplantation  Living donor liver transplantation  Lung allocation score  Machine perfusion  Medical grafting  Non-heart beating donation  Organ donation  Organ harvesting  Organ trade  Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder  Total body irradiation  Transplant rejection  Transplantation medicin

e Organizations Halachic Organ Donor Society  Human Tissue Authority  National Marrow Donor Program  United Network for Organ Sharing  DKMS Americas Countries Organ transplantation in the People's Republic of China   Organ transplantation in Israel  Organ transplantation in Japan   Organ theft in Kosovo   Organ transplantation in different countries  Gurgaon kidney scandal People Christiaan Barnard  Michael Woodruff  Alexis Carrel  Norman Shumway  Jean-Michel Dubernard  List of notable organ transplant donors and recipients This medical treatment-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v  d  e